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Title
UNDP - Simplified Sewerage: Design Guidelines
Abstract
Heavy reliance on high-cost conventional sewers
has produced inadequate sanitation service
coverage in many urban areas. In the recent past,
low-cost, on-site systems have been gaining
increased acceptance as alternatives; however,
in-areas where housing densities and levels of
water consumption are hi gh, water borne solutions
are required. In an effort to reduce the cost of
sewered systems, a critical review of the basis of
the conventional design standards has been
carried out in Brazil. The result has been the
development of a modified approach for sewer
design based on hydraulic theory, satisfactory
experience elsewhere, and redefinition of
acceptable risk. Systems designed according to
these new criteria are known as “simplified
sewers". They operate as conventional sewers
but with a number ofmodifications: the minimum
diameter and the minimum cover are reduced,
the slope is determined by using the tractive
force concept rather than the minimum velocity
concept, sewers are installed below sidewalks
where possible, and many costly manholes are
eliminated or replaced with less-expensive
cleanouts. Experience with these systems has
shown that cost savings of ZG percent to
SD percent have been achieved. Operation and
maintenance requirements have been similar to
conventional sewers.
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